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아두이노 로봇 팔 레코드 & 플레이 소스

nanumi 2018.11.11 15:52 조회 수 : 137534

아두이노 로봇 팔 레코드 & 플레이 소스

MiniRobot.ino

 

https://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-Make-Record-and-Play-Servo-Based-Robotic-Ar/

 

https://www.robotshop.com/community/robots/show/micro-servo-robot

 

https://www.robotshop.com/community/robots/show/mini-robotic-arm

 

이 프로젝트에서는 4 개의 미니 서보와 4 개의 전위차계를 사용했습니다.

디지털 핀 4, 6 입력 설정

디지털 핀 13 입력 설정

디지털 핀 13 값을 HIGH로 전달하여 led를 켠다.

디지털 핀 3, 10, 5, 11 서보모터 4대 조종할 출력 핀으로 설정

아날로그 핀 0, 1, 2, 3 저항센서 입력 설정

 

 

  /*

serial config:

Board: Arduiono Pro / Pro Mini

Port:  tty.usbseriala400eMNr

Programmer: USBtinyISP

*/

 

// Definitionen

#include <Servo.h> // servo treiber

 

Servo servo_0;

Servo servo_1;

Servo servo_2;

Servo servo_3;

 

int sensorPin0 = A0;    // Schulter

int sensorPin1 = A1;    // Handfind

int sensorPin2 = A2;    // Ellbogen

int sensorPin3 = A3;    // Zange

int count0, arrayStep, arrayMax, countverz, Taster, stepsMax, steps, time = 1000, del = 1000, temp;

//arraystep = memory what pos in the array

//arrayMax = max steps we safed to array

//countverz = seems to be something to calculate the delay between complete moves

//Taster = Button

 //stepsMax = longest way a servo have to travel

//steps = single steps for a move between stored positions

unsigned int  verz = 0;

 

long previousMillis1 = 0;

long previousMillis2 = 0;

long previousMillis3 = 0;

long previousMillis4 = 0;

long previousMicros = 0;

unsigned long currentMillis = millis();

unsigned long currentMicros = micros();

 

// arrays

int Delay[7] = {0,0,1,1,1,1,1}; // array to map gripper pot to delay in seconds

int SensVal[4]; // sensor value

float dif[4], ist[4], sol[4],  dir[4]; // difference between stored position and momentary position

int joint0[180];// array for servo(s)

int joint1[180];

int joint2[180];

int joint3[180];

int top = 179; // we should not write over the end from a array

// status 

boolean playmode = false, Step = false;

 

void setup()

{

  pinMode(4, INPUT);  // sets the digital pin 4 as input

  pinMode(6, INPUT);

  pinMode(13, OUTPUT);  // sets the digital pin 13 as outtput

  digitalWrite(13, HIGH);   // sets the LED on

  servo_0.attach(3); // attaches the servo

  servo_1.attach(10);

  servo_2.attach(5);

  servo_3.attach(11);

  Serial.begin(115200); // Baudrate have to be same on the IDE

  Serial.println("mini robot ready...");     

  //delay(1000);

  digitalWrite(13, LOW);

}

 

void loop() // here we go!

{

  currentMillis = millis(); // all is about timing

  currentMicros = micros();

  

  // read the button  

  Button();

  

  if(!playmode) // manualy modus

  {        

    if(currentMillis - previousMillis1 > 25) // 25miliseconds until next manual mode update

    {

      if (arrayStep < top) 

      {

        previousMillis1 = currentMillis; //reset

        readPot(); // get the value from potentiometers

        mapping(); // map to milliseconds for servos

        move_servo(); // setz newservo position

        //record();   

      } // end counter < max

    } // end step check

  } // ende manualy move

   

  else if(playmode) // play

  {

    if (Step) // next step read from array

    {

      digitalWrite(13, HIGH); //LED

      if (arrayStep < arrayMax) // we not reach the end from stored data

      {

        arrayStep += 1; // next array pos

        Read(); // from the arrays

        calculate(); // find biggest travel distance and calculate the other 3 servos (the have to do smaler steps to be finished at same time!)

        Step = 0;

        digitalWrite(13, LOW);  

      }

      else // array read finished > start over

      {

        arrayStep = 0; // 

        calc_pause(); // delay between moves read from potentiometer

        countverz = 0; // used for the delay

        while(countverz < verz) // verz = time getting from calc_pause();

        { // here we do loop and wait until next start over

          countverz += 1;

          calc_pause();

          digitalWrite(13, HIGH); delay(25);   

          digitalWrite(13, LOW); delay(975); 

        }

      }

      //Serial.println(arrayStep);

    }

    else // do the servos!

    {

      if (currentMicros - previousMicros > time) // here we do a single micro step

      { // 

        previousMicros = currentMicros;

        play_servo(); 

      }

    }

  }// ende playmode

 

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Hardware pause switch PIN 6

    while (digitalRead(4) == false)

      { 

        digitalWrite(13, HIGH); delay(500);   

        digitalWrite(13, LOW); delay(500);

      }

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Textout serial

    // serial ausgabe 1 sek

    /*if(currentMillis - previousMillis2 > 5000)

    { 

      previousMillis2 = currentMillis;

      /*count0 = 0;

      while(count0 < 4)

      {

        int val = SensVal[count0];

      // val = map(val, 142, 888, 0, 180);

        Serial.println(val);

        //Serial.println("test");

        count0 += 1;

      }

      Serial.println(playmode); 

      Serial.println(arrayStep);    

      Serial.println(arrayMax);    

      Serial.println(" ");    

    }*/

}

 

// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- sub routinen

void calc_pause() // read pot and map to usable delay time after a complete move is done

{

    readPot();

    temp = SensVal[3];

    if (temp < 0) temp = 0;

    temp = map(temp, 0, 680, 0 ,5); 

    verz = Delay[temp]; // verz = delay in second

    Serial.print(temp);

          Serial.print(" ");

          Serial.print(verz);

          Serial.print(" ");

          Serial.println(countverz);

}

 

void readPot() // read analog inputs and add some offsets (mechanical corrections)

{

   SensVal[0] = analogRead(sensorPin0); //SensVal[0] += -10; // rotate

   SensVal[1] = analogRead(sensorPin1); //SensVal[1] += 280; // Shoulder

   SensVal[2] = analogRead(sensorPin2); //SensVal[2] += -50; // hand

   SensVal[3] = analogRead(sensorPin3); // SensVal[3] += 0;// gripper

  Serial.print(SensVal[2]);Serial.print(" "); // CHECK

}

void mapping() // we need microsecond for the servos instead potentiometer values

{

  ist[0] = map(SensVal[0], 150, 900, 600, 2400);//  drehen

  ist[1] = map(SensVal[1], 1000, 100, 550, 2400);// Schulter

  ist[2] = map(SensVal[2], 120, 860, 400, 2500);// Hand

  ist[3] = map(SensVal[3], 1023, 0, 500, 2500);// Zange

 Serial.println(ist[2]); // CHECK

}

void record()

{

    joint0[arrayStep] = ist[0]; // write positions in servo array

    joint1[arrayStep] = ist[1];

    joint2[arrayStep] = ist[2];

    joint3[arrayStep] = ist[3];

}

void Read()

{

    sol[0] = joint0[arrayStep]; // read from the array

    sol[1] = joint1[arrayStep];

    sol[2] = joint2[arrayStep];

    sol[3] = joint3[arrayStep];

}

void move_servo()

{       

  servo_0.writeMicroseconds(ist[3]); // send milissecond values to servos

  servo_1.writeMicroseconds(ist[2]); 

  servo_2.writeMicroseconds(ist[0]); 

  servo_3.writeMicroseconds(ist[1]); 

}

 

// ------------------------------------------------------------ single steps calculating

void calculate()

{

      // travel distance for each servo

      dif[0] = abs(ist[0]-sol[0]);

      dif[1] = abs(ist[1]-sol[1]);

      dif[2] = abs(ist[2]-sol[2]);

      dif[3] = abs(ist[3]-sol[3]);

 

      // biggest travel way from all 4 servos

      stepsMax = max(dif[0],dif[1]);

      stepsMax = max(stepsMax,dif[2]);

      stepsMax = max(stepsMax,dif[3]);

      // stepsMax is the biggest distance a servo have to do beween momentary position and new pos read from the array

      

      //Serial.println(stepsMax); 

      

      if (stepsMax < 500) // del(ay) between a single step is bigger is move is smaler. just looks cool

        del = 1200;

      else

        del = 600;

      

       // calculating single (micro) step for each servo

       // need that to do move all servos in a loop (stepsMax times done) with different values.

       // This makes all servos have done the traveling distance at same time

      if (sol[0] < ist[0]) dir[0] = 0-dif[0]/stepsMax; else dir[0] = dif[0]/stepsMax;

      if (sol[1] < ist[1]) dir[1] = 0-dif[1]/stepsMax; else dir[1] = dif[1]/stepsMax;

      if (sol[2] < ist[2]) dir[2] = 0-dif[2]/stepsMax; else dir[2] = dif[2]/stepsMax;

      if (sol[3] < ist[3]) dir[3] = 0-dif[3]/stepsMax; else dir[3] = dif[3]/stepsMax;

        //Serial.println(dir4); 

 

}

void play_servo()

{

    steps += 1;

    if (steps < stepsMax) // sure we not reach the end from a move

    {

      //time = del*5;// anfahr rampe

      if(steps == 20) time = del*4;         // ramp up 

      else if(steps == 40) time = del*3;    // time is the delay in microsecns we wait in the mainloop until

      else if(steps == 80) time = del*2;    // a micro step will be done

      else if(steps == 100) time = del-1;    // cannot explain here is not del*1

      

      if(steps == stepsMax-200) time = del*2;        // stop ramp down (200 microsteps before end time will be increased

      else if(steps == stepsMax-80) time = del*3;

      else if(steps == stepsMax-40) time = del*4;

      else if(steps == stepsMax-20) time = del*5;

      

      ist[0] += dir[0]; // set new pos

      ist[1] += dir[1];

      ist[2] += dir[2];

      ist[3] += dir[3];

 

      servo_0.writeMicroseconds(ist[3]); // Zange //anschlüsse gemappt!

      servo_1.writeMicroseconds(ist[2]); // Hand

      servo_2.writeMicroseconds(ist[0]); // Schulter

      servo_3.writeMicroseconds(ist[1]); // Ellbogen

    }

    else

    {

      Step = 1; // next step aus array lesen

      steps = 0; // servo zwischenschritte

    }

}

 

void data_out() // just to write the recorded data to serial

{

  int i = 0;

  while(i < arrayMax)

  {

    digitalWrite(13, HIGH);

    i += 1;

    Serial.print(joint0[i]); Serial.print(", ");

  }

  Serial.println("Joint0");

  i = 0;

  while(i < arrayMax)

  {

    digitalWrite(13, HIGH);

    i += 1;

    Serial.print(joint1[i]); Serial.print(", ");

  }

  Serial.println("Joint1");

  i = 0;

  while(i < arrayMax)

  {

    digitalWrite(13, HIGH);

    i += 1;

    Serial.print(joint2[i]); Serial.print(", ");

  }

  Serial.println("Joint2");

  i = 0;

  while(i < arrayMax)

  {

    digitalWrite(13, HIGH);

    i += 1;

    Serial.print(joint3[i]); Serial.print(", ");

  }

  Serial.println("Joint3");

}

 

void Button() // check buttons for single and doubleclick

{

  if (digitalRead(6) == false)

  {

    delay(1);

    if (digitalRead(6) == true) // taster losgelassen

    {

      if (Taster == 0)

      {

        Taster = 1;

        previousMillis3 = currentMillis;

        //Serial.print("Status Record "); Serial.println(Taster); 

      }

      else if ((Taster == 1) && (currentMillis - previousMillis3 < 250))

      {

        Taster = 2;

        //Serial.println(Taster); 

      }

      /*else if ((Taster == 2) && (currentMillis - previousMillis3 < 500))

      {

        Taster = 3;

        Serial.println(Taster); 

      }*/

    }

  }

    

    if ((Taster == 1) && (currentMillis - previousMillis3 > 1000)) // write to array

    {

      arrayStep += 1;

      arrayMax = arrayStep;

      record();

      Taster = 0;

      playmode = false;

      Serial.print("Record Step: "); Serial.println(arrayStep);

      digitalWrite(13, HIGH);

      delay(100);

      digitalWrite(13, LOW);

    }

    else if (Taster == 2)

    {

      arrayStep = 0;

      playmode = true;

      Taster = 0;

      Step = 1;

      Serial.println("playmode ");

      data_out();

      delay(250);   

      digitalWrite(13, LOW);    

    }

    /*if (Taster == 3)

    {

      // ++ arrayStep

      // playmode = 1;

      Taster = 0;

      Serial.println("Clear ");

    }*/

    if (currentMillis - previousMillis3 > 2000) // button Status clear

    {

      Taster = 0;

      //Serial.println("restart ");

    }

}

     

 

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